Abstract
Examines whether China's green energy sector can replace the infrastructure investment, real estate development, and credit expansion that drove GDP growth for decades. In 2023, renewable energy accounted for an estimated 40% of overall GDP growth, bringing up the question of whether this trajectory is sustainable as traditional drivers stagnate.
Keywords
China
green energy
economic growth
real estate
renewable energy
GDP
References
- Our World in Data. "Annual GDP Growth." https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-gdp-growth?tab=chart&country=CHN~IND~PHL~VNM~IDN
- World Bank. "China Overview." https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china/overview
- ScienceDirect. "Land revenue and fiscal sustainability in China." https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387822000748
- ScienceDirect. "China's economic growth and structural change." https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002219962300020X
- GIHUB. "China Country Profile." https://www.gihub.org/countries/china/
- The Diplomat. "China's Property Market: Explaining the Boom and Bust." https://thediplomat.com/2024/09/chinas-property-market-explaining-the-boom-and-bust/
- IMF. "China's Real Estate Sector: Managing the Medium-Term." https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2024/02/02/cf-chinas-real-estate-sector-managing-the-medium-term
- The Global Treasurer. "Understanding China's Real Estate Crisis." https://www.theglobaltreasurer.com/2024/04/29/understanding-chinas-real-estate-crisis/
- The Economist. "China's Slowing Economy Seen from Ground Level." https://www.economist.com/china/2023/08/17/chinas-slowing-economy-seen-from-ground-level
- S&P Global. "China Property Watch: Charting a Path to Stability." https://www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/research/articles/241018-china-property-watch-charting-a-path-to-st
- CEIC Data. "China GDP: Real Estate." https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/gross-domestic-product-quarterly/gdp-ti-real-estate
- Trading Economics. "China Government Budget." https://tradingeconomics.com/china/government-budget
- Trading Economics. "China Government Spending." https://tradingeconomics.com/china/government-spending
- Trading Economics. "China Government Revenues." https://tradingeconomics.com/china/government-revenues
- PIIE. "Chinese Local Governments' Reliance on Land Revenue Drops as Property Downturn Deepens." https://www.piie.com/research/piie-charts/2024/chinese-local-governments-reliance-land-revenue-drops-property-donturn
- Carbon Brief. "China Added More Solar Panels in 2023 Than US Did in Its Entire History." https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/china-added-more-solar-panels-in-2023-than-us-did-in-its-entire-history/
- Yale E360. "China's Renewable Energy." https://e360.yale.edu/features/china-renewable-energy
- CNBC. "More Than Half of New Cars Sold in China Are Now Electric or Hybrid." https://www.cnbc.com/2024/08/09/more-than-half-of-new-cars-sold-in-china-are-now-electric-or-hybrid.html
- World Economic Forum. "Major Economies Are Taking Aim at China's EV Industry." https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/09/major-economies-are-taking-aim-at-china-s-ev-industry-here-s-what-to-know/
- ScienceDirect. "China's Green Finance Policy." https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043951X20301796
- Climate Bonds Initiative. "China Sustainable Debt State of the Market Report 2023." https://www.climatebonds.net/files/reports/china_sustainable_debt_state_of_the_market_report_2023.pdf
- World Economic Forum. "China Green Financing Energy Transition." https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/08/china-green-financing-energy-transition/
- Carbon Brief. "The Carbon Brief Profile: China." https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/the-carbon-brief-profile-china/index.html
- China Briefing. "China's New Renewable Energy Plan: Key Insights for Businesses." https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-new-renewable-energy-plan-key-insights-for-businesses/
© 2025 Lisa de Boer. Published by the Andover Economic Review under a non-exclusive publication license; the author retains copyright. The repository's MIT license covers site code only, not article content.